How this started
Before I officially started at UT Martin, I had already said yes to my first undergraduate researcher, a student who had taken differential equations and numerical analysis. A senior colleague had suggested we work together, and I said yes without thinking twice. We began meeting over Zoom that summer, before I had taught a single class here, and kept going through the year.
I will be honest that I was still learning how to do this. I started us on problems drawn from my own dissertation work, which I now see were scoped beyond where a first project should begin, and I struggled to chart where they would lead. We met, we read, we tried things, and that year my student presented our work as a poster at the MAA-SE meeting in 2024. The real lesson of that first year was mine: I came away certain I needed a better answer to a question I could not put down. How do you do genuine, reachable research with an undergraduate, when your own work lives in functional analysis that students cannot get to in a semester or two?
Over the summer of 2024 I sat with that question and read widely, and slowly an answer came into focus.
The problems I study in differential equations have discrete versions, the same questions asked on a grid of points instead of a smooth line, and those discrete problems are genuinely reachable. A student with Calculus 1 can work on the uniform discrete version of a problem I care about, another on the non-uniform version, and the mathematics is real, open, and publishable in undergraduate journals. That was the whole world of difference equations opening up, and it is where this program lives now.
The vision from here is simple: keep going in the same direction. I have worked with students on ordinary difference equations; the next step is partial difference equations, harder problems, the same idea, still within reach of a student who has taken Calculus I.
My undergraduate students were supported by the MAA NREUP in Summer 2026, funded by NSF. Learn more here.
On the Horizon
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Research Experiences for Undergraduate Faculty (REUF) — American Institute of Mathematics, Pasadena, CA. July 27–31, 2026. (Selected participant.)
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"Mentoring in Practice: Lessons from Undergraduate Research" — talk, MathFest 2026, August 7, 2026.
Manuscripts
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S. Bandyopadhyay, K. Byassee, and C. Lynch, "Upper and Lower Solution Method for Regular Discrete Second-Order Boundary Value Problems," The PUMP Journal of Undergraduate Research, 9 (2026), 198–211. https://doi.org/10.46787/pump.v9i.6129
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S. Bandyopadhyay and K. Lor, "Existence Result for Difference Equations on Non-Uniform Grids via Upper and Lower Solution Method," arXiv:2508.04706 (under review). https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04706
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B. Hall and K. Lor, "Theory and Computation of Discrete Sturm–Liouville Problems on Non-Uniform Grids via the Prüfer Transformation,"(Project Advisor: S Bandyopadhyay, J. Blazejweski) (2026). arXiv:2607.15300. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15300
Discrete Boundary Value Problem (ΔBVP) @ UT Martin
Have you ever had to figure out the middle when you already know both ends?
Imagine a string of lights hung between two posts. You fix the height at the left post and the height at the right, and the question is what the lights do in between. You are not marching forward from a starting point. You are pinned at both ends at once, and you have to find everything in the middle so that it all fits together.
Now here is the part you have already seen. Back in precalculus and Calculus 1, before you ever took a limit, you worked with the difference quotient: the change in a function over a small step. The derivative is what that becomes after the limit. But if you stop before the limit and stay with the step, you are doing discrete mathematics, working point by point instead of along a smooth curve. Put those two ideas together, fixing both ends and working in discrete steps, and you get a discrete boundary value problem.
The surprising part is how much real mathematics you can do with these using tools you already have. If you have taken Calculus 1 and you like figuring out how the middle has to fit, you have enough to start learning with me. The questions my students work on are open, nobody has answered them yet, and you do not need years of prerequisites to reach them.
Research with me follows a structured arc of about a year and a half:
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First spring — foundations. Students spend the semester learning background material and prior literature, presenting a poster at the MAA-SE Section Meeting in March, and learning to read and write mathematics papers.
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Summer or fall — research begins. With summer funding, or otherwise in the fall, students start their research problem. We meet weekly on Thursdays for two hours: students present their progress for the first 30 minutes (board or Beamer), and we work through the mathematics together for the remaining 90.
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Ongoing — independent writing. Students spend about two hours each week writing up their mathematics on a shared Overleaf document, where I can follow their progress between meetings.
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Second spring — outcomes. Students give a 15-minute talk at the MAA-SE Section Meeting and submit a manuscript to an undergraduate research journal by April 30.
Interested? Email me: sbandyo5@utm.edu with 2-3 sentences why you want to do undergraduate research with me
Pre-requisite
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An A in Calculus 1 (MATH 251) and Trigonometry (MATH 170), with a strong algebra background.
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Read at least one mathematics research paper. If you haven't, here are some good places to start. [link]
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Read some mathematics textbooks beyond your coursework. If you haven't, here are a few good ones. [link]
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Familiarity with LaTeX. If you don't know it yet, here's a guide to get started. [link]
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Ability to commit about 4 hours per week for the full arc of roughly a year and a half. This is a sustained commitment, not a single semester.
Expectation
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Consistency. Mathematics builds on itself, so steady weekly progress matters. Falling behind for a few weeks is hard to recover from, because each step depends on the one before it.
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Perseverance. Struggle is part of mathematics research, and being stuck is normal, not a sign you don't belong.
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Communication. You should be comfortable talking through your work with me regularly and asking when you're stuck.
You do not need to know how to write mathematical proofs. I will teach you that.

Students
Current
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Cameron Scott Rowlette — Computer Science and Mathematics, Sophomore (Fall 2026)
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Bailyn Hall — Mathematics, Sophomore (Spring 2026 – present)
Past
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Kimsear Lor — Mathematics and Computer Engineering , sophomore (Spring 2025 – Summer 2026)
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Kyle Byassee — Computer Engineering and Mathematics (2024–2025) [Graduated in Spring 2026 & Predictive Analytics Master's Student @APSU]
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Curt Lynch — Computer Engineering (2024–2025)
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Larissa Renshaw — Mathematics (2023–2024) [Graduated in Spring 2025 & Predictive Analytics Master's Student @APSU]
Fundings
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MAA-NREUP funded by NSF (Summer 2026) — Bailyn Hall & Kimsear Lor
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UT Martin Faculty Development Grant for Research (Summer 2025) — Kimsear Lor
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MAA-SE Student Travel Grant (2024) — Kyle Byassee, Curt Lynch
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CENS Undergraduate Research Grant (2023) — Larissa Renshaw
Talks/Posters by Students
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2026 — Kimsear Lor, "Numerical Implementation of the Sturm–Liouville Problem via Prüfer-Based Shooting", poster, MAA-MathFest 2026 Undergraduate Poster Session
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2026 — Bailyn Hall, "Prüfer Transformation of the Discrete Non-Uniform Sturm–Liouville Problem", poster, MAA-MathFest 2026 Undergraduate Poster Session
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2026 — Kimsear Lor and Bailyn Hall, "Prüfer Transformation for a Sturm-Liouville Type Equation," poster, MAA-SE Meeting
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2025 — Kimsear Lor, "Existence Result for Difference Equations on Non-Uniform Grids: Construction of Solution Operator," AMS Fall Central Sectional (invited talk)
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2025 — Kyle Byassee and Curt Lynch, "Upper and Lower Solution for Regular BVP on Discrete Time Scale," poster, MAA-SE Meeting
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2024 — Larissa Renshaw, "Numerical Approximation of Boundary Value Problems with Superlinear Non-linearity on the Boundary," poster, MAA-SE Meeting
Awards won by Students
2026 — Kimsear Lor, Outstanding Poster Award @MAA-MathFest
Resources for Students
List of REU Programs
List of Undergraduate Journals
Involve
PUMP Journal of Undergraduate Research
PiMuEpsilon Journal
SIURO
Rose-Hulman Journal of Undergraduate Mathematics
College Math Journal
List of Undergraduate Research Conferences
National Conference on Undergraduate Research
MAA- SE conference
MAA- MathFest
Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Conference
JMM PiMuEpsilon Undergraduate talk and poster sessions
Nebraska Conference for Undergraduate Wisdom in Mathematics
Young Mathematicians Conference
Hudson River Undergraduate Mathematics Conference
You may find more resources in the website of The Council on Undergraduate Research.
What is Mathematical Research?
In class, the textbook tells you when you're right; in research, you have to prove it, because there's nothing to check against.
Coursework is a set of problems with known answers and a deadline; research is one open question with no guarantee it has an answer at all.
In a class, getting stuck means you're behind; in research, getting stuck is the work.
FOUR PILLARS of RESEARCH
Execution
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Working the open problem itself
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Trying approaches that fail by design — then asking what you could assume so they don't
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Treating the reformulation after failure as the actual work
Writing
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What can be cited vs. what must be proved to keep the paper self-contained
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Presenting each proof so it is logically airtight
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What earns the status of theorem vs. lemma vs. proposition
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Where each piece belongs — a lemma in preliminaries vs. right before the theorem it serves
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Writing an introduction to position the paper in the literature
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Stating the limitations of a paper without making the novelty feel small





